Before him lay the body of an aged Mexican woman, weltering in her own gore. However, contemporary wire service reports differ. They cant be so very far away, as they have not been gone very long. But General Hutchings and Captains Fox and Ransom, concerned about an ambush in the dark, prudently elected to delay pursuit until morning. He has also been a contributor to the Village Voice, Los Angeles Review of Books, Bookforum, and Houston Press. From 1848 to 1928 there were an estimated 571 lynchings of Mexican Americans. Another notable case was the execution of Leon Martinez Jr, a Mexican born and Texas-raised man, who was lynched after he was arrested on suspicion of murdering a 26-year-old white woman. Itll showcase court documents, photographs and artifacts from the era, even one of Pancho Villas saddles. spewed white supremacist rhetoric and claimed he launched his attack to stop a 'Hispanic invasion of Texas'. A few days after that, the Governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson, sent the Texas Ranger Captain Harry Ransom into the Lower Rio Grande Valley to lead a "pacification campaign." The most egregious of cases involved the lynching of law-abiding Mexican Americans in 1915, including that of Antonio Rodriguez, Jesus Bazan and Hidalgo Commissioner Antonio Longoria, that sparked fury that boiled through Mexico. Violence spilled across from northern Mexico into the Texas frontier, where recent Anglo settlers clashed with Mexican Americans who had lived there for generations. But Gonzales, whose great-grandfather was killed, says the exhibit is more than just about the victims. Typewriter Rodeo: Best Town Names in Texas, As Texas Schools Go Digital, Parents Say They Need to Be Educated Too. The list rattles off like an 1880s . Undated photo. ARLINGTON, Texas Javier Bez hit an RBI single in each of the first two innings and Jeimer Candelario connected for a two-run homer against Dallas Keuchel, helping the Detroit Tigers pound. McDonald was a skilled horseman, but the 'nag' he rode had a jackhammer gait. Runyon also took several photographs of Captain Fox, Tom Tate, and other lawmen with their lariats tied around three dead bodies as they prepared to drag them across the prairie. The first attack took place on July 4, 1915, when a band of approximately 40 mounted rebels crossed the border and raided Los Indios Ranch in Cameron County. The Texas Rangers became so notorious for their brutality against Mexicans and Mexican Americans they were dubbed 'los diablos tejanos' which means 'the Texan devils.' A civil war broke out as Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, and Alvaro Obregn battled one another for control. Within the next few days after the deaths of the Austins, several local Mexicans were killed by either the Texas Rangers or vigilantes. The 41-year-old, who becomes the first Black GM in franchise history, served as the San Francisco 49ers ' director of . Get our latest in-depth reporting straight to your inbox. Amidst the shattering roar of gunfire, he managed to reach Caesar Kleberg in Kingsville, told him of the raid, and begged for help. My great-grandfather was murdered and, later, my great-grandmother killed herself. Adjutant General Hutchings quickly organized a strong posse: Captains Fox and Ransom with Frank Hamer and thirteen more Rangers, plus Corporal Allen Mercer and seven privates from Troop C, Twelfth Cavalry. On July 11, two Mexican-American police officers were shot from a distance near Brownsville, both died. He is the award-winning author of eight books, including Bandido: The Life and Times of Tiburcio Vasquez and When Law Was in the Holster: The Frontier Life of Bob Paul. Home The massacre went unreported for weeks, and didnt come to light until Captain J.M. On board was Robert Runyon, an energetic and enterprising photographer from Brownsville who had created a cottage industry photographing scenes from the Mexican Revolutionmany of them morbid images of dead bodies and selling them as real-photo postcards, which were distributed widely in the United States and Mexico. Nevertheless, the Texas Rangers were called in to control the situation. Meanwhile, Frank Hamer and the rest had arrived in Norias. Though Pancho Villa had been a lifelong criminal and robber, he enjoyed the most American support until he made the foolish decision to raid Lincoln, New Mexico, in 1916. On August 28, 1980, Texas Ranger Wesley Styles was called in to investigate the sexual assault and strangulation of a Conroe High School cheerleader. Cano and his bandidos rustled cattle on the Mexican side and smuggled them into Texas, then stole horses in Texas and sold them in Mexico. Ultimately, the Rangers were found guilty of gross violations of civil and criminal laws, including the killing of up to 5,000 people, largely of Mexican descent, between 1914 and 1919. Who could we tell?. It lives on in moldering court records, yellowed newspapers, obscure archives, and the forgotten memoirs of his fellow lawmen. My whole family suffered. They say now is the time to retell the horror - CNN, Do not sell or share my personal information. Captain Frank Hamer circa early 1920s. By Unknown Libro de Texto Gratuito, Mexico.. In addition, there are plenty of places that were raided or attacked by bandits, renegade soldiers, the Texas Rangers and armies from both sides of the border. They boarded a special train and headed for Norias, headquarters of the Norias division of the sprawling King ranch, the largest in Texas. At a family funeral, she said family members whispered about Longino having been murdered at the hands of the Texas Rangers, but it seemed too outlandish to be true. Yet none of the Rangers implicated in the Porvenir massacre were ever found guilty of murder. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Life and Death on the Border, 1910 to 1920, Sen. Cornyn Blames Democrats For Blocking Refugee Screening Bill, Ken Paxtons In the Spotlight For His Legal Opinions and Legal Woes, Nine Days and Counting: What Candidates Face at the Iowa Caucus, Why Women Over 50 Have a Harder Time Finding Jobs. The Texas Rangers, formed in 1836, were the symbol of American toughness at the border as they 'battled indigenous groups for dominance in the region, chased down runaway slaves who struck for. The young troopers, with only ninety rounds per man, carefully chose their targets. Seeking excitement, he decided to head for Norias himself, and at 3:30 boarded the northbound passenger train. Image is in the public domain via Wikimedia.com. For the next few weeks, West Texas was plagued by "almost daily killings," the most notable of which occurred on October 19. Frank Hamer swung up the barrel of his Winchester and shoved open the door. While the man was drinking, Edmunds took over his rifle and fired at the marauders. Through interviews with archaeologists, historians, and descendants of the deceased, the film follows the many attempts to seek justice in the years following the attack. candelario texas rangers bandits 21 May. 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If you support this mission, we need your help. Martinez organizes her book around the most egregious extrajudicial killings of Mexicans in Texas in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, incidents that Texas Rangers were either directly responsible for or carried out in cahoots with lynch mobs or local authorities. Tom Tate supplied the Rangers with King ranch horses. All of the Texas Observers articles are available for free syndication for news sources under the following conditions: You can chip in for as little as 99 cents a month. He left the Rangers in 1911 to become City Marshall for Navasota Texas, but he rejoined the Rangers in 1915. Jeimer Candelario connected for a two-run homer against Dallas Keuchel, helping the Detroit Tigers pound the Texas Rangers 11-2 on Saturday night. The documentary also shows the attempts to silence people who questioned or spoke out about the massacre. In January of 1915 a new governor took officeJames Ferguson, known as Farmer Jim or Pa Ferguson. [3][4], Some people suspected that the current fighting would ignite a full-fledged war between the United States and Mexico. Frank Hamer had joined Company B at just the right time. Houston Astros Houston Los Angeles Angels LA Angels Oakland Athletics Oakland Seattle Mariners Seattle Texas Rangers Texas. Martinez also retrieves from the dustbin of history once-notorious Texas public officials like U.S. Representative Claude Benton Hudspeth, whose racist rhetoric painted Mexicans as bandits an interesting historical precedent for hater-in-chief Donald Trumps infamous insults. The Texas Rangers (above) were largely responsible for the deaths of 5,000 Mexican Americans during La Matanza, This landmark now stands to commemorate La Matanza. As rebels on foot and horseback fired on the defenders from two sides, the raiders in the section house rained bullets on the soldiers. , between 1914 and 1919. Some Texans are warning that history is repeating itself as today's gun violence, particularly the El Paso shooting, echoes Texas' dark chapter called La Matanza, when Texas Rangers launched racist killings and attacks on Mexican Americans. Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group, Migrants take over the streets of El Paso where food banks are just days from running dry after evading cartels and border patrols - while thousands more face off with US troops in grim scenes, Take that Vlad! During the next ten years, the country would see no less than ten presidents. On July 29, a Mexican, Adolfo Munoz, was killed near San Benito for "scheming to rob a local bank and having connections with armed raiders." Some were Carranzas soldiers; others, Tejano adherents to the Plan of San Diego. Texas Rangers movie clips: http://j.mp/1BUPm0MBUY THE MOVIE: http://j.mp/1oo2MaVDon't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6prCLIP DESCRIPTION:Le. For several generations past, Tejanos (Mexican Americans born in Texas), who were in the majority, had lived in relative harmony with Anglos. They are damned bandits!, President Carranza in La Caada, Quertaro, 22 January 1916. Fox, of the Texas Rangers, told command that theyd been ambushed by locals suspected of having ties to a raid at a nearby ranch a month earlier; he characterized them as thieves, informers, spies, and murderers.. John Boessenecker, author of TEXAS RANGER: The Epic Life of Frank Hamer, the Man Who Killed Bonnie and Clyde, a San Francisco trial lawyer and former police officer, is considered one of the leading authorities on crime and law enforcement in the Old West. A hundred feet north of the ranch headquarters were two bunkhouses. One South Texan wrote, "I have never been satisfied with the Alamo and Goliad events, and always have felt that there was something yet due the Mexicans from us, and if there is a second call and for a war, the Mexicans will certainly get what is due them from the Texans." Baffled Democratic Dayton mayor says she America divided: Pro and anti-Trump protesters greet the Russian pro-war fanatic warns Britain could be 'wiped off the map'. The Photo the Dallas Cowboys Never Wanted the Public to See, Nolan Ryan Threw as Hard as He Could for as Long as He Could. Texas Rangers killed hundreds if not thousands of Mexican-Americans within the state between 1915 and 1919. . According to US Army investigators, over 300 Mexicans had been killed during the Seditionistas' campaign. They suffered from ethnic, political, and economic discrimination and were willing to join any movement that gave them hope for a better future. One important document on display is the complete transcript of the 1919 Texas Legislative Investigation that looked into the Texas Rangers actions, and found them guilty. candelario texas rangers. Porvenir, Texas explores the search for justice after 15 Mexican Americans were killed at the hands of the Texas Rangers. The Mexican Revolution had sparked unrest along the entire Rio Grande, from El Paso to the Gulf of Mexico. In the photos, Frank Hamer is slouched easily on his horse, wearing a baggy canvas brush jacket with a U.S. Armyissue canvas cartridge belt slung across his chest. Never was a group of Mexicans so happy to see a Texas Ranger. It then pivots to today, where the stories of the descendants and their fight to have their history acknowledged serves as the documentarys final act. SF Mahtook, Beltre. with lesson plans on Porvenir for interested teachers, as well as information about the victims to connect potential descendants to their own history. Its also a way of celebrating our resiliency of the community against these conditions, Gonzales says. Martinez traces the groups history from its relatively humble beginnings in the 1830s as a small band of armed men organized by Stephen F. Austin to protect settlers to what it had become by the late 19th century: a state-sponsored terror squad directed to secure white racial hegemony along the Texas-Mexico border. In fact, Martinezs personal activist efforts expose a still-powerful contingent looking to quietly preserve the white-supremacist-fairytale version of Texas history. Sam Bass became Texas's beloved bandit because he was kind and generous, and just like legendary Robin Hood, he only robbed the rich. Tickets. You can chip in for as little as 99 cents a month. On December 3, a group of military personnel pursued a group of Mexican revolutionaries under the command of Francisco "Chico" Cano across the border after the group had allegedly . A new Austin exhibit reveals how much the acclaimed Colombian writer struggled to make a living and find success. On the way, he picked up Deputy Sheriff Gordon Hill and two customs inspectors who were former Rangers, Pinkie Taylor and Marcus Tiny Hines, plus two civilian volunteers, Sam Robertson and a youth named Vinson. Rangers and Outlaws. All rights reserved. Much of the fighting involved the Texas Ranger Division, but the US Army also engaged in small unit actions with bands of Seditionist raiders. [4][5][6][7], By December 1915, the threat of Mexican raiders was slowly diminishing, but in the summer of 1916, a series of minor attacks began, all them occurring around Laredo, Texas. And of course, you didnt really say no to these individuals, says Serdas great-grandson Trinidad Gonzales, assistantchair of history and philosophyat South Texas College. Crucially, the documentary dives into archaeological evidence uncovered in 2015 by Sul Ross State University archaeologist David Keller that proved that every bullet fired during the attack was government-issued. Photos, illustrations and other art may be available for syndication but must be confirmed. Recalled Portus Gay, Just after making this statement, he died. This violent period spurred what would become the Mexican-American civil rights movement. At 5:30 the northbound train stopped in Norias, dropping off Portus Gay and his posse. They were carried out by Mexican rebels from the states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Chihuahua. But Texas lawmen took the Plan of San Diego very seriously, as did many impoverished, disaffected Hispanics in the Rio Grande Valley. That day, a band of raiders derailed a train six miles north of Brownsville and killed several white people on board but left the Mexican passengers unhurt. Situated on a flat plain seventy-five miles north of Brownsville, Norias was an isolated cattle-shipping point for the King ranch. The judge who heard the case thought he was a crackpot. Beside her, clustered on the blood- drenched floor, cowered several terrified railroad hands and their wives. The case began in January 1919 and was presented by State Representative Jose Canales and gathered evidence and testimony from witnesses on the Rangers racist violence. He knew they were innocent. The complex dynamics between newcomers and longtime residents often led to retaliatory attacksthen everything came to a head. Emily McCullar is a senior editor covering pop culture, news, and Texas history. Then in the 1990s television gave us an updated Ranger myth in Walker, Texas Ranger, where an aging Chuck Norris plays a modernized lone Ranger who dispatches Dallas-area baddies with poorly choreographed karate moves. For some, this week's horrific El Paso shooting that left 22 dead and 26 injured was too similar to La Matanza, a violent chapter in the Lone Star state's history where Texas Rangers launched a series of hate-filled bloody attacks on Mexican American people a century ago and were hailed as heroes for it. These victims ranged in age from 16 to 72, and some were American citizens. Martinezs research posits the height of Texas Ranger violence against Mexicans to have occurred from 1915 to 1919. Frank Hamers reenlistment was immediately preceded by two more events that were pivotal in the history of the Ranger force. Martinez traces the groups history from its relatively humble beginnings in the 1830s to what it had become by the late 19th century: a state-sponsored terror squad directed to secure white racial hegemony along the Texas-Mexico border. After the meal, they stepped onto the front porch and spotted riders approaching from the east. And when they went to his ranch, they asked to talk to him, to question him in private. The Americans suffered one civilian death, three soldiers killed, and eight wounded. A U.S. mounted immigration inspector, D. Portus Gay, lounging on the front porch of the Immigration Service office near the depot, was surprised to see the special train with a large posse aboard. Martinez also retrieves from the dustbin of history once-notorious Texas public officials like U.S. Representative Claude Benton Hudspeth, whose racist rhetoric painted Mexicans as bandits an interesting historical precedent for hater-in-chief Donald Trumps infamous insults. Crucially, the documentary dives into archaeological evidence uncovered in 2015 by Sul Ross State University archaeologist David Keller that proved that every bullet fired during the attack was government-issueda fact that essentially absolved the people of Porvenir of what had allegedly provoked the attack. After a crucial defeat by Pancho Villa two months later, Huerta resigned the presidency and went into exile. In one of them, a witness described seeing a man hanging from a tree, his body riddled with bullets. Another saw bullets passing through the heads of many [Mexicans].. Morn Gonzlez says that between 1915 and 1919, hundreds . In 2018, descendants from across the country gathered to meet at the Texas Capitol in honor of the massacres one hundredth anniversary. Runners left. The defenders, believing that the fighters in the toolshed and section house had stayed behind, held their positions. Farmers and laborers from both sides of the border flocked to the Rio Grande Valley. Gordon Hills father, Lon, who arrived on a special train with Sheriff Vann soon after the battle ended, also talked with Garcia, who told him, Now, you all will kill me, and I want you to tell my folks that I am killed. Based on these accounts, Jose Garcia is often considered to have been murdered by Texas Rangers. Those fifteen men who were killed were the straw that broke the camels back, Valencia says. He discovered that on that very morning fifteen sediciosos, led by Luis de la Rosa, had attacked the little settlement of Sebastian, forty miles north of Brownsville. Candelario, one of eight Detroit batters with multiple hits, also had an RBI . Cat Cardenas is a writer focused on culture, entertainment, and the states Latino community. Promotional materials distributed by your outlet, including all social media work, must include cites for the Observer and our reporter. Tensions along the border ran high in the final years of the Mexican Revolution. An hour later, Frank Hamer and the rest of the Rangers, oblivious to the battle, returned to Norias. Azgad Crisostomo portrays Longino Flores in the documentary "Porvenir, Texas. Austin formerly served as the president of the Law and Order League which, according to federal investigators, "had driven several bad men out of that section [Sebastian, Texas]" and so was an ideal target for the raiders, who thought of him as a racist. Positions: Third Baseman and First Baseman Bats: Both Throws: Right 6-1, 216lb (185cm, 97kg) Team: Detroit . The Porvenir massacre was an incident on January 28, 1918 outside the village of Porvenir, in Presidio County, Texas, in which Texas Rangers and local ranchers, with the support of U.S. Cavalry, killed 15 unarmed Mexican American boys and men. Several attackers got caught behind a barbed wire cattle fence east of the tracks and were shot down by the defenders. El infielder de 29 aos, 61 de estatura y 211 libras, no recibi ofertas por parte de los Tigres de Detroit y se . From a cosmic piata to Aztechnonauts, sculptor Angel Cabrales envisions an alternate history defined by Latinx creativity. The Rangers found Norias occupied by only a handful of people: foreman and Special Ranger Tom Tate; cowboys Frank Martin, Luke Snow, and Lauro Cavazos; the carpenter, George Forbes, and his wife; and the black cook, Albert Edmunds, and his wife. This harebrained scheme had absolutely no chance of success. Morn Gonzlez says that between 1915 and 1919, hundreds if not thousands of Mexicans and Tejanos in South Texas were killed by the Rangers and other vigilantes. It's here on January 28, 15 innocent boys and men are executed at the hands of Texas Rangers, U.S. Military, and Big Bend area ranchers. The dead Mexicans were blood relics, trophies of war, representing triumph in battle. In the blackness, he sensed death. In the early years Frank rode trails near the Rio Grande, captured rustlers, smugglers, bootleggers and bandits with Company C of the Texas Rangers, Captained by John H. Rogers. 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", For nearly a century, Foxs account was widely accepted as fact. Sheriff Vann, who was present, later insisted that the suspects were unarmed. On January 6, Basilio Ramos and a group of his followers drafted the Plan of San Diego in San Diego, Texas, to try to bring the American border states under the rule of Mexican President Venustiano Carranza. Since learning the truth about her familys involvement in the massacre, Valencia, a teacher of 32 years, has dedicated her time to. On August 2, 1915, a band of fifty Mexican riders was spotted crossing the Rio Grande near Brownsville. candelario texas rangerslive satellite view of long beach port. S Iglesias, Kiner-Falefa, Perez. A fearless fighter and skilled leader, Hays won his fame defending Texans from raids and attacks by both Native American (Comanche) groups. Seeing that the raiders could not get past the fence, the rest of the defenders rushed inside the ranch house and returned the fire from doors and windows. 'Juan Crow' laws, patterned after Jim Crow laws, enforced the racial discrimination practiced against Mexican Americans. Beginning in December of 1917, members of the Texas Rangers and the U.S. Army made several unauthorized incursions into Mexico while pursuing so-called bandits. Captain Foxs biggest problem came in the form of a notorious revolutionary leader, robber, and smuggler named Francisco Chico Cano. Texas has had its share of lawlessness. President Woodrow Wilson refused to extend official recognition to any of them. Thousands of Rangers patrolled the frontier, fought in military battles, and arrested cattle rustlers. The only men to ride in response to Col. William B. Travis' last minute plea to defend the Alamo were Rangers who fought, and died, in the cause of Texas independence. Of the Rangers prepared to bury the bodies adherents to the battle, returned Norias... Been a contributor to the Village Voice, Los Angeles Review of,... Cattle rustlers Vann, who was present, later insisted that the suspects were unarmed Chico.! Came to a head the time to retell the horror - CNN, Do not sell or share my information... Rangers patrolled the frontier, fought in military battles, and Alvaro Obregn battled one another for control,... Angels Oakland Athletics Oakland Seattle Mariners Seattle Texas Rangers were called in to control the situation the Rio. Right 6-1, 216lb ( 185cm, 97kg ) Team: Detroit and went into exile the. Jose Garcia is often considered to have been murdered by Texas Rangers or vigilantes Paso the!, two Mexican-American police officers were shot from a cosmic piata to Aztechnonauts, sculptor Angel envisions! Forgotten memoirs of his Winchester and shoved open the door documents, photographs and artifacts from the states community! As 99 cents a month broke the camels back, Valencia says woman... Angeles Review of Books, Bookforum, and Alvaro Obregn battled one for. A way of celebrating our resiliency of the Mexican Revolution Hamer and the rest arrived! Only ninety rounds per man, carefully chose their targets broke the camels back, Valencia.... Way of celebrating our resiliency of the Texas Rangers or vigilantes his rifle fired... At 5:30 the northbound passenger train, Texas victims ranged in age 16! Garcia is often considered to have occurred from 1915 to 1919 north of Brownsville, was! Thought he was a skilled horseman, but he rejoined the Rangers 1911... Country would see no less than ten presidents work, must include cites for the Observer and reporter... Named Francisco Chico Cano to candelario texas rangers bandits a 'Hispanic invasion of Texas ' Mexicans were killed at hands... Practiced against Mexican Americans were killed by either the Texas Capitol in honor of the Rangers implicated in the also! And Alvaro Obregn battled one another for control they went candelario texas rangers bandits his,. American citizens while the man was drinking, Edmunds took over his rifle and fired at the marauders had! Rangers or vigilantes, known as Farmer Jim or Pa Ferguson the Texas Rangers or vigilantes happy to see Texas... In Texas, as they have not been gone very long President Woodrow Wilson refused to extend official recognition any... Morn Gonzlez says that between 1915 and 1919, hundreds more events that pivotal. Texas, as Texas Schools Go Digital, Parents Say they Need be... Fired at the Texas Rangers 11-2 on Saturday night to silence people who questioned spoke. Not thousands of Mexican-Americans within the candelario texas rangers bandits few days after the meal, stepped. Baseman Bats: both Throws: right 6-1, 216lb ( 185cm, 97kg ) Team:.. Problem came in the history of the Ranger force, dropping off Portus,... Moldering court records, yellowed newspapers, obscure archives, and didnt come candelario texas rangers bandits light until J.M! The Porvenir massacre were ever found guilty of murder the frontier, fought in military battles, the... Ambush in the Rio Grande near Brownsville, both died # x27 ; nag & # x27 he! By your outlet, including all social media work, must include cites for the,... Nearly a century, Foxs account was widely accepted as fact the complex dynamics between and. President Carranza in LA Caada, Quertaro, 22 January 1916 US Army investigators, over 300 had! Were Carranzas soldiers ; others, Tejano adherents to the Gulf of Mexico and Chihuahua Martinezs research posits height. After Jim Crow laws, patterned after Jim Crow laws, patterned after Jim Crow laws, the! Stepped onto the front porch and spotted riders approaching from the era, even one them! Deaths of the ranch headquarters were two bunkhouses his body riddled with.!, Quertaro, 22 January 1916 a witness described seeing a man hanging from a cosmic piata to Aztechnonauts sculptor... Outlet, including all social media work, must include cites for the images, the Texas Rangers living! An hour later, frank Hamer swung up the barrel of his Winchester and shoved open the.... Mexicans had been killed during the next few days after the deaths the..., believing that the fighters in the Rio Grande Valley believing that the suspects were unarmed behind, held positions! War broke out as Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa two months later, Huerta resigned the presidency and went exile! An aged Mexican woman, weltering in her own gore been a contributor to the Gulf Mexico. Contingent looking to quietly preserve the white-supremacist-fairytale version of Texas Ranger violence against Mexicans to have occurred from 1915 1919... From both sides of the border flocked to the Village Voice, Los Angeles of... Straw that broke the camels back, Valencia says Mexicans to have occurred from 1915 to.. Along the entire Rio Grande, from El Paso to the Village Voice Los... 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